People who are new to programming often lack a deep understanding of debugging, and they may think the code is complete once it runs. However, when a problem arises, they don’t know where to start. In real-world development, debugging often takes more time than writing new code. That’s why choosing the right debugging techniques and tools is crucial for efficient development.
When I first started coding in Python, my go-to debugging method was simple: adding print statements throughout the program to track the flow of execution and check variable values. This helped me understand how the code was behaving step by step.
For example, consider the following code:
```python
def twice(n):
n *= 2
return n
a = input("a:")
b = input("b:")
if a == "3":
b += 4
if b == "5":
c = a + twice(b)
else:
c = twice(a) + b
else:
b -= 2
if b == "1":
c = a - twice(b)
else:
c = twice(a) - b
print(c)
```
Even though this isn’t a long piece of code, it can be difficult to spot errors just by looking at it, especially if the output doesn’t match expectations for certain inputs.
To help identify issues, I often add print statements to trace the program's execution. Here's an improved version with added debug outputs:
```python
def twice(n):
n *= 2
return n
a = input("a:")
b = input("b:")
print("====a,b:", a, b)
if a == "3":
b += 4
print("====1b:", b)
if b == "5":
c = a + twice(b)
print("====1c:", c)
else:
c = twice(a) + b
print("====2c:", c)
else:
b -= 2
print("====2b:", b)
if b == "1":
c = a - twice(b)
print("====3c:", c)
else:
c = twice(a) - b
print("====4c:", c)
print(c)
```
After running this, the output might look like this:
```
a: 2
b: 4
====a,b: 2 4
====2b: 2
====4c: 2
2
```
By inserting these debug prints, it becomes much easier to see where the program is going wrong and what values are being used at each step. This approach is simple but effective, especially for beginners or in situations where a full debugger isn't available. It helps build a clearer picture of the program’s behavior and makes identifying bugs much more straightforward.
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