People who are new to programming often lack a deep understanding of debugging and may think the task is complete once the code is written. However, when issues arise, it can be very challenging to figure out where the problem lies. In real-world development, debugging often takes more time than writing the code itself. That’s why choosing the right debugging techniques and tools is crucial for efficient development.
When I started learning Python, my go-to debugging method was simple: adding print statements throughout the code to track the program's flow and check variable values. This helped me understand how the program was executing step by step.
Take the following example:
```python
def twice(n):
n *= 2
return n
a = input("a:")
b = input("b:")
if a == "3":
b += 4
if b == "5":
c = a + twice(b)
else:
c = twice(a) + b
else:
b -= 2
if b == "1":
c = a - twice(b)
else:
c = twice(a) - b
print(c)
```
Even though this isn't a long piece of code, if the final output doesn’t match expectations, it can be hard to spot the issue just by looking at the code. To make things clearer, I often add debug prints to track key variables and execution paths.
Here’s an improved version with added debug statements:
```python
def twice(n):
n *= 2
return n
a = input("a:")
b = input("b:")
print("====a,b:", a, b)
if a == "3":
b += 4
print("====1b:", b)
if b == "5":
c = a + twice(b)
print("====1c:", c)
else:
c = twice(a) + b
print("====2c:", c)
else:
b -= 2
print("====2b:", b)
if b == "1":
c = a - twice(b)
print("====3c:", c)
else:
c = twice(a) - b
print("====4c:", c)
print(c)
```
After running this code with inputs `a: 2` and `b: 4`, the output might look like this:
```
a: 2
b: 4
====a,b: 2 4
====2b: 2
====4c: 2
2
```
By inserting these print statements, I can clearly see how the program is executing and where the variables are changing. This helps identify logic errors or unexpected behavior quickly. While this approach may seem basic, it's a powerful technique for beginners and can save a lot of time in the early stages of development.
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