**First, the Basic Introduction of Wires and Cables**
Wires and cables are typically composed of several sets of wires (at least two in each group), similar to ropes. Each set of wires is insulated from one another and often twisted around a central core, with an outer layer that provides high insulation. They are primarily used for transmitting or distributing electrical signals and power.
**Wires and Cables Mainly Consist of Four Parts**
1. **Conductive Core**: Made from highly conductive materials like copper or aluminum. Depending on the flexibility required, the core may be made from a single wire or multiple stranded wires.
2. **Insulation**: The insulating material must have high resistance. Common materials include oil-impregnated paper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, and rubber.
3. **Sealing Sheath**: This protects the insulated core from mechanical damage, moisture, chemicals, and light. Lead or aluminum extrusion is often used for moisture-sensitive insulation.
4. **Protective Cover**: This layer guards the sealing sheath against physical damage. It can be made of galvanized steel strips, steel wires, copper strips, or copper wires. These layers also act as shields against electromagnetic interference. To prevent corrosion, they are often coated with asphalt or wrapped with jute or plastic sleeves.
**Second, Wire and Cable Specifications**
The specifications of wires and cables indicate the number of cores and their cross-sectional dimensions. Full naming can be complex, so people often use simplified names combined with model numbers, such as "low voltage cable" for 0.6/1kV plastic-insulated power cables. A complete model specification usually allows precise identification of the product.
**Third, Application Classification of Wires and Cables**
1. **By Insulating Material**: Examples include oil-impregnated paper insulated cables, PVC cables, and cross-linked polyethylene cables.
2. **By Purpose**: These are categorized into power cables, communication cables, and control cables, which are used in power systems, information transmission, and instrumentation.
**1. Power System**
Wires and cables used in power systems include overhead bare wires, bus bars, power cables (plastic, oil-paper, rubber), overhead insulated cables, branch cables, magnet wires, and cables for electrical equipment.
**2. Information Transmission System**
These include local telephone cables, TV cables, electronic cables, RF cables, optical fiber cables, data cables, and composite cables used for power communication.
**3. Mechanical Equipment and Instrumentation Systems**
Used in various applications beyond overhead bare wires, including power cables, magnet wires, data cables, and instrumentation cables.
**4. Product Classification**
1. **Bare Wires and Conductors**: These are pure metal conductors without insulation or sheathing, such as steel-cored aluminum stranded wires or busbars.
2. **Power Cables**: These feature insulated conductors, sometimes with a jacket layer, and are used for high-voltage and high-current applications.
3. **Wires for Electrical Equipment**: These come in a wide range of specifications, including fire-resistant, flame-retardant, low-smoke, and temperature-resistant types.
4. **Communication Cables and Fiber Optics**: From simple telephone cables to coaxial and optical cables, these require high precision and small sizes.
5. **Electromagnetic Wires (Winding Wires)**: Used in motors, transformers, and instruments.
**What Is the Difference Between Wires and Cables?**
There is no strict boundary between “wires†and “cables.†Generally, products with fewer cores, smaller diameter, and simpler structure are called wires. Non-insulated wires are known as bare wires, while the rest are cables. Wires with a cross-sectional area over 6 mm² are considered large, while those under or equal to 6 mm² are small. However, with evolving usage, many products now blur this distinction. In daily language, household wiring is commonly referred to as a wire, and power cables as cables.
A wire usually consists of one or a few soft wires with a flexible protective layer, while a cable contains one or more insulated wires covered by a tough outer layer made of metal or rubber. Both wires and cables typically consist of three main components: a conductor, an insulating sheath, and a protective sheath.
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