In 2017, artificial intelligence began its journey toward commercialization. That year saw the introduction of numerous AI-based products, yet many of them were criticized for lacking real value. Some so-called "AI" robots and conveyor belts operated only based on pre-programmed instructions, raising questions about whether they truly qualified as intelligent systems. Are these machines, which merely follow standard commands and resemble human-like forms, actually smart? Why do they seem so unresponsive and limited?
The current robotic products available on the market are mostly programmable machines rather than true AI systems. These robots can be programmed to perform specific tasks, interacting with the physical world through sensors and actuators. They can execute a series of actions autonomously or semi-autonomously, but their capabilities are still constrained by predefined rules.
Even though these machines may appear to "perceive" their environment, they essentially just change the way data is input—automating, unattended, and real-time. This improves efficiency and reduces labor costs, but fundamentally, these machines are still traditional computers with limited intelligence. Even when they make decisions, it's always within the boundaries set by humans.
Examples include robotic arms in factories, educational robots that help children recite poetry, and mopping robots. These devices follow instructions without thinking, which means they don't possess true artificial intelligence.
Over the past few years, the hot trend in AI has been products that have learning and reasoning abilities. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science focused on creating programs that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence. These algorithms can learn, perceive, solve problems, understand language, reason, judge, and make inferences.
Currently, AI algorithms power services like Google Search, Amazon’s recommendation engine, and Giiso’s information robot. However, AI is just one part of a larger robotic system, which also includes sensors, actuators, and non-AI programming.
Machine learning is often at the core of AI, where algorithms "train" themselves using known inputs and outputs. The key difference between AI and traditional programming is the presence of "wisdom"—the ability to mimic human-like intelligence.
So, what exactly is an AI robot? It’s a bridge between robotics and AI. These are robots controlled by AI programs. Robots that simply repeat pre-programmed motions, such as robotic arms on assembly lines, are not considered AI robots because their tasks don’t require intelligence.
Non-intelligent robots have very limited functions, and the integration of AI allows them to handle more complex tasks. Let’s look at some examples.
First, self-driving cars. Baidu’s Li Yanhong even took a ride in a driverless car on Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road. In December, Shenzhen also launched two autonomous buses. Traffic conditions in both cities are constantly changing, requiring real-time data processing and decision-making. This is made possible by AI technologies like object recognition and sensor analysis.
Second, AI-powered news robots like Giiso have gained popularity in the media industry. They assist journalists with tasks such as writing, editing, reviewing, and distributing content quickly. Tools like Tencent’s Dreamwriter and Today’s Headlines’ Zhang Xiaoming also fall into this category. These systems rely on core technologies such as intelligent semantics and knowledge maps.
When machines are trained on large amounts of data, they begin to build cognitive abilities. Once they develop an understanding of the world, they can make intelligent decisions. In the AI era, we need machines to recognize the world, interact naturally, and make decisions—this requires feeding them enough knowledge.
How can we teach machines? The key lies in knowledge graphs. Think of AlphaGo: it stores human knowledge in a structured network and continuously learns and improves. This allows machines to better understand and interpret the world.
Only when a robot possesses human-like abilities such as understanding, judgment, decision-making, and action after learning can it be considered a true AI product.
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