The circuit protection is mainly to protect the components in the electronic circuit from being damaged under the conditions of overvoltage, overcurrent, surge, electromagnetic interference, etc. The circuit protection device provides protection for the circuit and chip of the product, ensuring the presence of the circuit. In the case of an abnormality, the precision chips and components of the protected circuit are not damaged. Overvoltage, overcurrent, surge, electromagnetic interference, electrostatic discharge, etc. have always been the focus of circuit protection. Therefore, mainstream circuit protection devices in the market are also based on lightning/overvoltage/overcurrent/antistatic, etc. Protection devices include gas discharge tubes, solid discharge tubes, transient suppression diodes, varistors, self-recovery fuses, and ESD electrostatic diodes. How can engineers choose the best circuit protection device when selecting a model?
1. You need to know what damage you want to prevent. Many times, the design engineer will ask Shuokai Electronics about the surge protection device, but they don't know what to avoid, so you have to do it. The first thing is to determine whether to prevent direct lightning strikes, secondary shocks (as described in the IEC61000-4-5 standard), or electrostatic discharges (as described in the IEC61000-4-2 standard). Once you have made a decision, you can choose the right circuit protection device.
2. Decide what results you want when a fault condition occurs. For example, you want to be able to withstand fault conditions at runtime and remain operational during and after a fault condition; only tolerate fault conditions when shut down, then under
Entering the unit when it is powered up; or providing protection to safely fail the unit and does not need to operate after the end of the failure? The circuit protection device you choose is the answer to these questions.
3. For what is the "normal" and "abnormal" operation, we need to make reasonable assumptions, for example, you can not choose an overcurrent protection device that operates under 6A, and expect your design to work normally at 5.99999A. This simply does not have enough margin. If your design consumes 6A during normal operation, you must use an overcurrent protection device PTC self-recovery fuse that operates at 8A or higher. Not only that, you must understand the maximum operating voltage, maximum ambient temperature, and fault voltage, fault current, and fault duration to make the right choice.
4. It must be clear that any protection is impossible to do 100% if you design to protect a particular event, but there may always be some more serious events. For example, the hazard described in the Telecommunications Lightning Code is much less severe than direct lightning strikes. It is possible to protect the product from damage caused by direct lightning strikes, but it is very expensive.
5. Plan the circuit protection scheme at the beginning of the design. Although the circuit protection device is much smaller than in the past, after the PCB design is completed, it is impossible to add the circuit protection device without sufficient space.
With the development of science and technology, electric/electronic products are increasingly diversified and complicated, and the physical dimensions of circuit structures and electronic products are becoming smaller and smaller, and circuit protection design becomes more important in the early stage of the design cycle. The choice of circuit protection and electronic protection devices may seem to be of low priority, but should be designed early to eliminate design issues and ensure the performance and reliability of your product.
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